If you want to create Autonomous Economic Agents (AEAs) that can act independently of constant user input and autonomously execute actions to achieve their objective, you can use the Fetch.ai AEA framework.

This example will take you through the simplest AEA in order to make you familiar with the framework basics.

System Requirements

The AEA framework can be used on Windows, Ubuntu/Debian and MacOS.

You need Python 3.6 or higher as well as Go 1.14.2 or higher installed.

Preliminaries

Create and enter into a new working directory.

mkdir my_aea_projects/
cd my_aea_projects/

We highly recommend using a virtual environment to ensure consistency across dependencies.

Check that you have pipenv.

which pipenv

If you don't have it, install it. Instructions are here.

Once installed, create a new environment and open it (here we use Python 3.7 but the AEA framework supports any Python >= 3.6).

touch Pipfile && pipenv --python 3.7 && pipenv shell

Installation

The following installs the entire AEA package which also includes a command-line interface (CLI).

pip install aea[all]

If you are using zsh rather than bash type

pip install 'aea[all]'

Known issues

If the installation steps fail, it might be a dependency issue.

The following hints can help:

• Ubuntu/Debian systems only: install Python 3.7 headers.

sudo apt-get install python3.7-dev

• Windows users: install tools for Visual Studio.

Setup author name

AEAs are composed from components. The components can be developed by anyone and are available on the AEA registry. To use the registry we need to register an author name.

You can setup your author name using the init command:

aea init

This is your unique author name in the Fetch.ai ecosystem.

You should see a similar output (with your input replacing the sample input):

Do you have a Registry account? [y/N]: n
Create a new account on the Registry now:
Username: fetchai
Email: [email protected]
Password:
Please make sure that passwords are equal.
Confirm password:
    _     _____     _
   / \   | ____|   / \
  / _ \  |  _|    / _ \
 / ___ \ | |___  / ___ \
/_/   \_\|_____|/_/   \_\

v0.7.0

AEA configurations successfully initialized: {'author': 'fetchai'}

Note

If you would rather not create an account on the registry at this point, then run `aea init --local` instead.

Echo skill demo

The echo skill demo is a simple demo that introduces you to the main business logic components of an AEA. The echo skill simply echoes received messages back to the sender.

The fastest way to create your first AEA is to fetch it!

aea fetch fetchai/my_first_aea:0.14.0
cd my_first_aea

To learn more about the folder structure of an AEA project read on here.

Alternatively: step by step install

Create a new AEA
First, create a new AEA project and enter it.

aea create my_first_aea
cd my_first_aea

Add the echo skill
Second, add the echo skill to the project.

aea add skill fetchai/echo:0.10.0

This copies the `fetchai/echo:0.10.0` skill code containing the "behaviours", and "handlers" into the project, ready to run. The identifier of the skill `fetchai/echo:0.10.0` consists of the name of the author of the skill, followed by the skill name and its version.

Communication via envelopes and messages

AEAs use envelopes containing messages for communication. To learn more check out the next section in the getting started series.

Usage of the stub connection

In this demo we use a stub connection to send envelopes to and receive envelopes from the AEA.

The stub connection is already added to the AEA by default.

A stub connection provides an I/O reader and writer. It uses two files for communication: one for incoming envelopes and the other for outgoing envelopes.

The AEA waits for a new envelope posted to the file my_first_aea/input_file, and adds a response to the file my_first_aea/output_file.

The format of each envelope is the following:

TO,SENDER,PROTOCOL_ID,ENCODED_MESSAGE,

For example:

recipient_aea,sender_aea,fetchai/default:0.8.0,\x08\x01\x12\x011*\x07\n\x05hello,

Run the AEA

Run the AEA with the default fetchai/stub:0.12.0 connection.

aea run

or

aea run --connections fetchai/stub:0.12.0

You will see the echo skill running in the terminal window.

    _     _____     _
   / \   | ____|   / \
  / _ \  |  _|    / _ \
 / ___ \ | |___  / ___ \
/_/   \_\|_____|/_/   \_\

v0.7.0

Starting AEA 'my_first_aea' in 'async' mode ...
info: Echo Handler: setup method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: setup method called.
info: [my_first_aea]: Start processing messages...
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
...

The framework first calls the setup method on the Handler, and Behaviour code in that order; after which it repeatedly calls the Behaviour method act. This is the main agent loop in action.

Add a message to the input file

From a different terminal and same directory, we send the AEA a message wrapped in an envelop using the CLI interact command:

cd my_first_aea
aea interact

You can now send the AEA messages via an interactive tool by typing hello into the prompt and hitting enter twice (once to send, once more to check for a response). You will see the Echo Handler dealing with the envelope and contained message (your dialogue reference will be different):

info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Handler: message=Message(dialogue_reference=('1', '') message_id=1 target=0 performative=bytes content=b'hello'), sender=my_first_aea_interact
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.

Manual approach

Optionally, from a different terminal and same directory (i.e. the `my_first_aea` project), we send the AEA a message wrapped in an envelope via the input file.

echo 'my_first_aea,sender_aea,fetchai/default:0.8.0,\x08\x01\x12\x011*\x07\n\x05hello,' >> input_file

You will see the `Echo Handler` dealing with the envelope and responding with the same message to the `output_file`, and also decoding the Base64 encrypted message in this case.

info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Handler: message=Message(dialogue_reference=('1', '') message_id=1 target=0 performative=bytes content=b'hello'), sender=sender_aea
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.

Note, due to the dialogue reference having to be incremented, you can only send the above envelope once! This approach does not work in conjunction with the `aea interact` command.

Stop the AEA

Stop the AEA by pressing CTRL C

You should see the AEA being interrupted and then calling the teardown() methods:

info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: act method called.
^C my_first_aea interrupted!
my_first_aea stopping ...
info: Echo Handler: teardown method called.
info: Echo Behaviour: teardown method called.

Write a test for the AEA

We can write an end-to-end test for the AEA utilising helper classes provided by the framework.

Writing tests

The following test class replicates the preceding demo and tests it's correct behaviour. The `AEATestCase` classes are a tool for AEA developers to write useful end-to-end tests of their AEAs. First, get the packages directory from the AEA repository:

svn export https://github.com/fetchai/agents-aea.git/trunk/packages

Then write the test:

import signal
import time

from aea.mail.base import Envelope
from packages.fetchai.protocols.default.dialogues import DefaultDialogues
from packages.fetchai.protocols.default.message import DefaultMessage
from packages.fetchai.protocols.default.serialization import DefaultSerializer
from aea.test_tools.test_cases import AEATestCase


class TestEchoSkill(AEATestCase):
    """Test that echo skill works."""

    def test_echo(self):
        """Run the echo skill sequence."""
        process = self.run_agent()
        is_running = self.is_running(process)
        assert is_running, "AEA not running within timeout!"

        # add sending and receiving envelope from input/output files
        sender_aea = "sender_aea"
        dialogues = DefaultDialogues(sender_aea)
        message_content = b"hello"
        message = DefaultMessage(
            performative=DefaultMessage.Performative.BYTES,
            dialogue_reference=dialogues.new_self_initiated_dialogue_reference(),
            content=message_content,
        )
        sent_envelope = Envelope(
            to=self.agent_name,
            sender=sender_aea,
            protocol_id=message.protocol_id,
            message=DefaultSerializer().encode(message),
        )

        self.send_envelope_to_agent(sent_envelope, self.agent_name)

        time.sleep(2.0)
        received_envelope = self.read_envelope_from_agent(self.agent_name)

        assert sent_envelope.to == received_envelope.sender
        assert sent_envelope.sender == received_envelope.to
        assert sent_envelope.protocol_id == received_envelope.protocol_id
        received_message = DefaultMessage.serializer.decode(received_envelope.message)
        assert message.content == received_message.content

        check_strings = (
            "Echo Handler: setup method called.",
            "Echo Behaviour: setup method called.",
            "Echo Behaviour: act method called.",
            "content={}".format(message_content),
        )
        missing_strings = self.missing_from_output(process, check_strings)
        assert (
            missing_strings == []
        ), "Strings {} didn't appear in agent output.".format(missing_strings)

        assert (
            self.is_successfully_terminated()
        ), "Echo agent wasn't successfully terminated."

Place the above code into a file `test.py` in your AEA project directory (the same level as the `aea-config.yaml` file). To run, execute the following:

pytest test.py

Delete the AEA

Delete the AEA from the parent directory (cd .. to go to the parent directory).

aea delete my_first_aea

Next steps

To gain an understanding of the core components of the framework, please continue to the next step of 'Getting Started':

• Core components

For more demos, use cases or step by step guides, please check the following:

• Generic skill use case
• Weather skill demo
• Generic step by step guide

Previous:
Weather Skills Next:
Core Components - Part 1